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The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) is the key legislation that addresses minimum wage requirements and maximum work hours. Enacted in 1938, the FLSA established standards to ensure that workers are paid fairly for their labor. It set the minimum wage for various types of workers and instituted regulations on overtime pay, mandating that eligible workers be compensated at a higher rate for hours worked beyond the standard 40-hour work week. This legislation was crucial in setting a baseline for labor rights in the workplace, protecting employees from underpayment and overwork.

On the other hand, the Social Security Act primarily focuses on social insurance programs, including retirement, disability, and unemployment benefits, rather than wage and hour laws. The Federal Insurance Contributions Act relates to the funding of Social Security and Medicare through payroll taxes and does not address labor standards. Lastly, the National Workers Compensation Plan of 2004, while related to workers' compensation, does not cover minimum wage or maximum working hours. Thus, the FLSA is the core act that directly pertains to these labor issues.